Dengue fever

Dengue fever

Dengue fever (DB) or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febril disease found in tropical areas, with geographic distribution similar to malaria. The disease is caused by one of the four serotypes of the virus from the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Each serotype is different enough so that no cross-protection and epidemics caused by several serotypes (hiperendemisitas) can occur. Dengue fever is spread to humans by the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS


Dengue Virus

The disease is indicated by the appearance of fever suddenly, accompanied by severe headaches, pain in joints and muscles (myalgia and arthralgia) and rashes; rash of dengue fever have a characteristic bright red, petekial and usually appear first on the lower body - the some patients, it spread to cover almost the entire body. In addition, stomach ulcers could also arise with the combination of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, mild colds with coughing. This alert condition needs to be addressed with a broad knowledge of the patient or family to consult a doctor immediately if the patient / patient experienced a high fever 3 days in a row. Many patients or patient families experiencing a fatal condition because he considered mild symptoms.
Dengue fever is generally the length of about six or seven days with a fever that peaks occur at the smaller end of fever. Clinically, the platelet count will fall until the patient is considered afebril.

After the shoot / incubation for 3 - 15 days the infected person can experience / suffer from this disease in one of the following 4 forms:

• Establish abortif, a patient does not feel any symptoms.
• classic dengue, the patient had high fever for 4 to 7 days, pain, bone pain, followed by the appearance of spots or patches of bleeding under the skin.
• Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (Dengue Fever dengue / DHF) symptoms similar to classic dengue plus bleeding from the nose (epistaksis / nosebleeds), mouth, anus, etc..
• Dengue Shock Syndrome, symptoms similar to dengue shock plus / presyok. These forms often lead to death.

Because of frequent bleeding and shock, then the disease mortality rate is high, therefore any patient suspected of having dengue fever disease in any level must be taken to a doctor or hospital, given the subject to the shock / death.
The cause of dengue fever shows higher fever, bleeding, thrombocytopenia and hemokonsentrasi. A number of small cases can lead to dengue shock syndrome which has a high mortality rate.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of dengue fever usually done clinically. Usually what happens is fever without a source of infection, rash petekial with thrombocytopenia and relative leukopenia.
Serology and polymerase chain reaction is available to confirm the diagnosis of dengue if clinically indicated.
Diagnose dengue fever at an early stage can reduce the risk of death rather than waiting for acute.

Prevention

There is no vaccine commercially available for dengue fever.
Primary prevention of dengue fever is on eliminating or reducing the mosquito vector of dengue fever. Initiatives to eliminate pools of water that is not useful (eg in flowerpots) have proven useful for controlling diseases caused by mosquitoes, drain the tub once every week, and throwing things - things that can cause dengue fever mosquito nest Aedes aegypti.

Things to do to stay healthy in order to avoid dengue fever, as follows:

1. Doing good habits, such as eating nutritious foods, regular exercise and adequate rest;
2. Entered a period of transition, note the cleanliness of the neighborhood and did 3M, which drained the tub, closed container that can hold water, and bury the things that can be used nests developments mosquito larva, even though buried in the former goods not good, because it can pollute the soil. It would be better if the former things are recycled;
3. Fogging or fumigation will only kill adult mosquitoes, while abate powder will kill larvae in the water. Both must be done to break the chains mosquito breeding;
4. Immediately give febrifuge for fever if the patient has a fever or high heat;
5. If signs of shock, immediately take the patient to the hospital.

Medical

The most important part of treatment is supportive therapy. The patients are advised to keep the absorption of food, especially in liquid form. If it can not be done, adding with intravenous fluids may be needed to prevent dehydration and excessive hemokonsentrasi. Platelet transfusions performed if the platelet count dropped dramatically.
Alternative medicine is commonly known by drinking guava juice bangkok, but Khasiatnya never medically proven, but the fact guava can restore fluids intravenously. Yet the combination of management conducted in medical and alternative must be considered.


Epidemiology
The first outbreak occurred in the 1780s simultaneously in Asia, Africa, and North America. The disease is then recognized and named in 1779. Global large outbreak began in Southeast Asia in the 1950s and until 1975 dengue has become a major cause of death that occurs among children in the area.